2024
2.
Andriy Goychuk; Leonardo Demarchi; Ivan Maryshev; Erwin Frey
Self-consistent sharp interface theory of active condensate dynamics Journal Article
In: Physical Review Research, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 033082, 2024, ISSN: 2643-1564.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Biomolecular Dynamics, Enzymes, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition, Nonequilibrium Systems, Pattern Formation, Protein-Protein Interactions, Traveling Waves
@article{goychuk_self-consistent_2024,
title = {Self-consistent sharp interface theory of active condensate dynamics},
author = {Andriy Goychuk and Leonardo Demarchi and Ivan Maryshev and Erwin Frey},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033082},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033082},
issn = {2643-1564},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-07-01},
urldate = {2026-05-29},
journal = {Physical Review Research},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {033082},
abstract = {Biomolecular condensates help organize the cell cytoplasm and nucleoplasm into spatial compartments with different chemical compositions. A key feature of such compositional patterning is the local enrichment of enzymatically active biomolecules which, after transient binding via molecular interactions, catalyze reactions among their substrates. Thereby, biomolecular condensates provide a spatial template for nonuniform concentration profiles of substrates. In turn, the concentration profiles of substrates, and their molecular interactions with enzymes, drive enzyme fluxes which can enable novel nonequilibrium dynamics. To analyze this generic class of systems, with a current focus on self-propelled droplet motion, we here develop a self-consistent sharp interface theory. In our theory, we diverge from the usual bottom-up approach, which involves calculating the dynamics of concentration profiles based on a given chemical potential gradient. Instead, reminiscent of control theory, we take the reverse approach by deriving the chemical potential profile and enzyme fluxes required to maintain a desired condensate form and dynamics. The chemical potential profile and currents of enzymes come with a corresponding power dissipation rate, which allows us to derive a thermodynamic consistency criterion for the passive part of the system (here, reciprocal enzyme-enzyme interactions). As a first-use case of our theory, we study the role of reciprocal interactions, where the transport of substrates due to reactions and diffusion is, in part, compensated by redistribution due to molecular interactions. More generally, our theory applies to mass-conserved active matter systems with moving phase boundaries.},
keywords = {Biomolecular Dynamics, Enzymes, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition, Nonequilibrium Systems, Pattern Formation, Protein-Protein Interactions, Traveling Waves},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biomolecular condensates help organize the cell cytoplasm and nucleoplasm into spatial compartments with different chemical compositions. A key feature of such compositional patterning is the local enrichment of enzymatically active biomolecules which, after transient binding via molecular interactions, catalyze reactions among their substrates. Thereby, biomolecular condensates provide a spatial template for nonuniform concentration profiles of substrates. In turn, the concentration profiles of substrates, and their molecular interactions with enzymes, drive enzyme fluxes which can enable novel nonequilibrium dynamics. To analyze this generic class of systems, with a current focus on self-propelled droplet motion, we here develop a self-consistent sharp interface theory. In our theory, we diverge from the usual bottom-up approach, which involves calculating the dynamics of concentration profiles based on a given chemical potential gradient. Instead, reminiscent of control theory, we take the reverse approach by deriving the chemical potential profile and enzyme fluxes required to maintain a desired condensate form and dynamics. The chemical potential profile and currents of enzymes come with a corresponding power dissipation rate, which allows us to derive a thermodynamic consistency criterion for the passive part of the system (here, reciprocal enzyme-enzyme interactions). As a first-use case of our theory, we study the role of reciprocal interactions, where the transport of substrates due to reactions and diffusion is, in part, compensated by redistribution due to molecular interactions. More generally, our theory applies to mass-conserved active matter systems with moving phase boundaries.
2023
1.
Leonardo Demarchi; Andriy Goychuk; Ivan Maryshev; Erwin Frey
Enzyme-Enriched Condensates Show Self-Propulsion, Positioning, and Coexistence Journal Article
In: Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, no. 12, pp. 128401, 2023, ISSN: 0031-9007, 1079-7114.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analytical Theory, Biomolecular Dynamics, Enzymes, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition, Nonequilibrium Systems, Pattern Formation, Protein-Protein Interactions, Simulation, Traveling Waves
@article{demarchi_enzyme-enriched_2023,
title = {Enzyme-Enriched Condensates Show Self-Propulsion, Positioning, and Coexistence},
author = {Leonardo Demarchi and Andriy Goychuk and Ivan Maryshev and Erwin Frey},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.128401},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.128401},
issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-01},
urldate = {2026-05-29},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
volume = {130},
number = {12},
pages = {128401},
abstract = {Enzyme-enriched condensates can organize the spatial distribution of their substrates by catalyzing nonequilibrium reactions. Conversely, an inhomogeneous substrate distribution induces enzyme fluxes through substrate-enzyme interactions. We find that condensates move toward the center of a confining domain when this feedback is weak. Above a feedback threshold, they exhibit self-propulsion, leading to oscillatory dynamics. Moreover, catalysis-driven enzyme fluxes can lead to interrupted coarsening, resulting in equidistant condensate positioning, and to condensate division.},
keywords = {Analytical Theory, Biomolecular Dynamics, Enzymes, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition, Nonequilibrium Systems, Pattern Formation, Protein-Protein Interactions, Simulation, Traveling Waves},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Enzyme-enriched condensates can organize the spatial distribution of their substrates by catalyzing nonequilibrium reactions. Conversely, an inhomogeneous substrate distribution induces enzyme fluxes through substrate-enzyme interactions. We find that condensates move toward the center of a confining domain when this feedback is weak. Above a feedback threshold, they exhibit self-propulsion, leading to oscillatory dynamics. Moreover, catalysis-driven enzyme fluxes can lead to interrupted coarsening, resulting in equidistant condensate positioning, and to condensate division.